Muhammad Risal Djalika, Efendi Lukas, Sriwijaya Qadar, Firdaus Hamid, Ananda Mardiah Prefitri, Fatmawati Madya
Introduction: Preeclampsia is a major hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) has emerged as a promising biomarker of early renal tubular injury; however, its association with severe preeclampsia remains insufficiently established …