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Evaluating the role of nuchal translucency in early detection of congenital defects: A systematic review

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Elizabet C. Jusuf, Karloman A. Paipinan

Background: Nuchal translucency (NT) measurement is widely used in prenatal screening to detect chromosomal abnormalities, but its role in identifying congenital defect remains variably reported. Congenital heart disease (CHD) refers to structural malformations of the heart and/or great vessels, which predispose affected individuals to multiple morbidities across their lifespan and contribute to reduced long-term survival.. Although numerous studies have evaluated NT, none have specifically summarized…

Obstetric complications associated with obesity in the major Hospital of Honduras. A case-control study

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Genesis Y. Vallecillo Mendoza, Nancy G. Garcia Urrutia, Norman G. Morales Alvarado, Ricardo A. Gutierrez-Ramirez

Background: Obesity represents the most prevalent medical condition among women of reproductive age and significantly increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the perinatal and maternal complications associated with pre-gestational and first-trimester overweight and obesity at the Hospital Escuela, Honduras (2019-2024). Methodology: A case-control study was conducted with 260 cases (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) and 261 controls (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²). Cases were stratified into overweight (BMI 25-29.9; n=100, 38.5%) and obese (BMI ≥30; n=160, 61.5%)….

Beyond the Benchmark: A Comprehensive Analysis of Escalating Cesarean Section Rates in Greece

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Vasilis S. Gavalas

Greece has one of the highest cesarean section rates in the European Union, far exceeding the 10-15% benchmark recommended by the World Health Organization. This study aims to comprehensively analyze this escalating trend by examining demographic and social factors that influence the delivery method. Using unpublished nationwide data from the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) for 161,152 births in 2021-2022, we explored the spatial distribution of cesarean sections…

Vaginal flora and pregnancy complications: A narrative literature review

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Georgios Michail, Asimina Farmakioti, Georgios Michos, Ioulia Magaliou, Georgios Androutsopoulos, Evangelos. G. Papanikolaou, Alexandros Daponte, George Valasoulis

The vaginal microbiota is a dynamic microbial community with a crucial role in the health and homeostasis of the reproductive system, particularly during pregnancy. This literature review investigates the physiological composition and changes of the vaginal microbiome throughout pregnancy, analyzing forms of dysbiosis and their association with complications such as premature rupture of membranes…

Artificial Intelligence in Reproductive Medicine: Transforming Diagnosis, Treatment, and IVF Outcomes

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Santosh Ramesh Achwani, Faique Tanvir Falke, C. Anchana Devi, C. Oviya, Harish Narayanan, Rajkumar Krishnan Vasanthi, Shamina S, Sovan Bagchi

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming assisted reproductive technologies (ART) by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment personalization, and clinical decision-making. AI-driven tools can predict embryo viability, optimize sperm selection in real time, and tailor ovarian stimulation protocols to individual patient characteristics. Emerging applications, such as convolutional neural networks for embryo imaging and machine learning models for sperm analysis, reduce subjectivity and improve the reproducibility…

Editorial

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Dimitris Loutradis

As we inaugurate the first issue of HJOG for the new year, January offers a meaningful opportunity for reflection and renewed commitment. Globally, this month is recognized as Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, reminding us of the vital importance of prevention, screening, and sustained public health engagement …

Impact of fetal gender on gestational diabetes mellitus’ incidence: A cohort study

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Maria-Foteini Kampeza, Antigoni Tranidou, Themistoklis Dagklis, Ioannis Kalogiannidis, Anargyros Kourtis, Apostolos Mamopoulos, Ioannis Tsakiridis

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder in pregnancy, associated with maternal and neonatal complications. While established risk factors are well-documented, the potential role of fetal gender on GDM development remains uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate the association between fetal gender and GDM and to assess whether fetal gender modifies the influence of maternal risk factors such as age and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)…

Women’s understanding of breast cancer and prevention in a Greek border community

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Giannoula Kyrkou, Maria Deligianni, Nikoleta Tsinisizeli, Grigorios Karampas, Anna Deltsidou, Athina Diamanti, Anastasia Bothou

Background: Breast cancer is a major health problem, as it leads to high mortality and morbidity in women around the world. However, as with many other types of cancer, gynecological cancer is a disease that can be prevented and treated if diagnosed early. Aim: This study investigates women’s knowledge and attitudes regarding the gynecological prevention of cancer at the border area of Greece, Orestiada, Evros…

The evolving concept of safety in midwifery-led care: A scoping review

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Paraskevi Giaxi, Maria Dagla, Maria Iliadou, Angeliki Antonakou, Vikentia Harizopoulou, Panagiota Tzela, Kleanthi Gourounti

Background: Safety is central to midwifery care, although its meaning and context varies significantly across different periods, cultures and geographic contexts. This scoping review explores how safety is conceptualized within midwifery-led care models, with an emphasis on temporal and cross-cultural differences. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and selected organizational sources to identify conceptual and theoretical studies on safety in midwifery-led care…

Relationship between Allopregnanolone levels and duration of implant use for depression.

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Jeanette Michelle Choukrosimon, Sriwijaya, Irnawaty Bahar, Samrichard Rambulangi, Fatmawati Madya, Nurbani Bangsawan

Introduction: The use of hormonal contraceptives, such as progestin implants, is suspected to affect allopregnanolone levels and involved in mood regulation, potentially increasing depression risk. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between allopregnanolone levels and the duration of implant use on depression among implant acceptors compared to intrauterine device (IUD) users. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study involved 90 women aged 20–35 years, divided into three groups …

Detection of Cytomegalovirus antibodies and immunological markers in cases of unexplained miscarriage: Revealing underlying factors in Iraqi women

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Nedhal Mahmoud Kaleefah, Bushra Jabbar Al-Tmimi, Asmaa Kadhim Gatea

Background and Aim: This study investigates the influence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies, specifically CMV IgG and IgM, on the expression of CD34+ and HLA-F in the peripheral blood of pregnant women. The research aims to assess the association of these immunological markers with risk factors for unexplained spontaneous miscarriage, with a particular focus on maternal health challenges in regions like Iraq …

The impact of subchorionic hematoma in the first trimester on maternal and neonatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies

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Hamideh Pakniat, Mohammad Ali Hosseini, Shokouh Sadat Aboutorabi, Azam Rasti, Mohadeseh Nabiei, Fatemeh Sadeghi Niaraki

Objective: Subchorionic hematoma (SCH) is considered as one of the most frequent complications during pregnancy. The Purpose of the present study was to explore the potential relationship between SCH during the first trimester of pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies …

Retrospective analysis study for obstetrics cases admitted to ICU in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital

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Amr Ahmed Mahmoud Riad, Ahmed Ramy Mohamed Ramy, Norhan Emad ElGerby ELGebaly, Ahmed Gamal Abdelnasser

Background: Admitting obstetric patients to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) necessitates specialized care and coordination by a multidisciplinary team. These patients present unique challenges to ICU specialists, primarily due to the physiological changes and disease progression that occur during pregnancy and the postpartum period (puerperium). Furthermore, the complexity of these cases is heightened by the dual responsibility of ensuring the health of the mother and the survival of the fetus …

Successful management of a pregnancy complicated with familial hypertriglyceridemia: A case report

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Nithesh Prabhu, G. Shyamala

Background: Pregnancy complicated with familial hypertriglyceridemia is a high risk pregnancy, and if improperly managed, can lead to life threatening complications like acute pancreatitis. We present a case of successful management of a severe hypertriglyceridemia in pregnancy in a patient with Type 4 dyslipidemia in a tertiary care center of South India …

Severe hereditary spherocytosis in pregnancy: A case report and multidisciplinary management strategy

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Miguel Angel Chavez Martinez, Kevin Ramos Nigenda, Maria Guadalupe Chavez Martinez, Alvaro Cabrera-Garcia, Luis Cruz Benitez, Omar Esteban Valencia-Ledezma

Hereditary spherocytosis is a congenital haemolytic anaemia caused by defects in red blood cell membrane proteins, resulting in a spherical shape and increased splenic destruction. It is the most common hereditary haemolytic anaemia worldwide. Management becomes more complex during pregnancy due to increased physiological stress and haematological demands …